Introduction
Male infertility represents a significant portion of global infertility cases. Andrology provides the scientific and clinical framework necessary to understand the causes, diagnostic pathways, and treatment options for male infertility.
Etiology of Male Infertility
Causes of male infertility include hormonal disorders, impaired spermatogenesis, genetic abnormalities, anatomical obstructions, infections, environmental toxins, and lifestyle factors. Conditions such as varicocele, azoospermia, and oligospermia are frequently encountered in andrological practice.
Diagnostic Evaluation
A comprehensive diagnostic approach includes detailed medical history, physical examination, semen analysis, hormonal testing, erotic testing, imaging studies, and genetic screening when indicated. Accurate diagnosis is essential for targeted treatment.
Therapeutic Approaches
Treatment options range from medical and surgical interventions to assisted reproductive technologies. Lifestyle modification and management of underlying systemic conditions also play a significant role in improving fertility outcomes.
Conclusion
Andrology is central to the management of male infertility. Advances in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques continue to improve reproductive success and patient quality of life.